Aramean Archive

Items

• Kthobo d-Egrothe d-David Bar Faulus
  "All who love the Aramaeandom are eager to familiarise themselves concerning his instruction."
• Kthobo d-Deburitho
  "With the help of our Lord I have arrived at the end. And as a miracle provides the sweetness of the essence of the Aramaeandom, I have arranged (only) the beginnings for you (and) I ask you to be very careful with it."
• Kthobo d-Deburitho
  "Aramean teachers give advice about this and say: do not talk too much, neither words of wisdom" "For the fear of God and the love of mankind by the Arameans."
• Kthobo d-Deburitho
  "And as a careful examination by scholars (shows), the art of writing was a discovery of the Arameans; and among those who received it were the Greeks and the Romans, and the Saracens (i.e. Arabs), and the Persians, and the Armenians. Therefore, for the Arameans it is a blessing without equal among all mankind."
• Kthobo d-Deburitho
  "My dear and beloved Aramean, in many ways I am indebted to you on account of the racial love of Adam and the Semitic one of Aram (that burns in my heart)." "I think, my dear one, . . . that you long for the Aramaic tongue, the tongue which my ancestors spoke – the lordly and ancient language. That (language) in which our Lord spoke when he was dwelling on the earth."
• A Dictionary of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic
  In this dictionary, it is stated that the Hebrew word אַרָמִי, translated as Aramean, is an adjective meaning of 'a Syriac.' It appears in Genesis 25:20 and is found in Targum Aramaic (TA) and Syriac (ܐܳܪ̈ܳܡܳܝܶܐ, lit. Oromoye, meaning Arameans). The distinction between this entry and the previous one, which refers to pagans, is based on vocalization traditions in TA and Syriac. So, this dictionary clearly states that Aramean is synonymous with Syriac and is differentiated from pagan in both the Syriac language and Targum Aramaic.
• Flavius Josephus
  Flavius Josephus (c. AD 37 – c. 100) was a Roman-Jewish historian and military leader. He is best known for The Jewish War and Antiquities of the Jews, key works on Jewish history. Initially fighting against Rome in the First Jewish–Roman War, he later defected and became an advisor to Emperor Vespasian and his son Titus. Josephus played a crucial role as a mediator and translator during the siege of Jerusalem in AD 70. His writings remain vital sources for understanding the history of ancient Israel, Jewish culture, and the Roman Empire.
• Strabo
  Strabo (64 or 63 BC – c. 24 AD) was an ancient Greek geographer who lived in Asia Minor during the transitional period from the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire. He is best known for his work Geographica, which presented a descriptive history of the people and places from different regions of the world known during his lifetime. Additionally, Strabo authored historical works, but only fragments and quotations of these survive in the writings of other authors.
• Karl Eduard Sachau
  Karl Eduard Sachau (born 20 July 1845, died 1930) was a German orientalist. He became a professor at the University of Vienna in 1872 and, in 1876, was appointed professor at the University of Berlin, where he became the director
• Prof. Dietrich Hermann Hegewisch
  Dietrich Hermann Hegewisch (15 December 1746 – 4 April 1812) was a German historian who was a native of Quakenbrück. He was the father of political publicist Franz Hermann Hegewisch (1783-1865). Hegewisch studied theology and history at the University of Göttingen. Following graduation he was a private tutor, then later worked as a newspaper editor in Hamburg. From 1782 to 1812 he was a full professor of history at the University of Kiel. In 1805 he was appointed Etatsrat by the Danish monarchy.
• Theodor Mommsen
  Theodor Mommsen (November 1817 – 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar, historian, jurist, journalist, politician and archaeologist. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest classicists of the 19th century. He received the 1902 Nobel Prize in Literature for his historical writings, including The History of Rome, after having been nominated by 18 members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. He was also a prominent German politician, as a member of the Prussian and German parliaments. His works on Roman law and on the law of obligations had a significant impact on the German civil code.
• Theodor Nöldeke
  Theodor Nöldeke (born March 2, 1836, Harburg, Hanover [Germany]—died December 25, 1930, Karlsruhe, Germany) was a German Orientalist noted for his Semitic and Islamic studies, which included a history of the Qurʾān (1859). After holding several academic posts, Nöldeke became professor of Oriental languages at the University of Strasbourg (1872–1906), then within the German Empire. His large contribution to the history of Semitic languages included the publication of several grammars. His other scholarly works included Geschichte der Perser und Araber zur Zeit der Sasaniden (1879; “History of the Persians and Arabs to the Sāsānid Period”), a version of the Arabic chronicle of aṭ-Ṭabarī. Among his works intended for a general readership were Orientalische Skizzen (1892; Sketches from Eastern History, 1892) and a life of Muḥammad (1863).
• A New Analysis of Chronology and Geography, History and Prophecy
  "The children of Aram planted the fertile country north of Babylonia, called Aram Naharaim, or ‘Aram between the two rivers,’ the Euphrates and Tigris, thence called by the Greeks, Mesopotamia, Gen. xxiv. 10: and Padan Aram, the level country of Aram, Gen. xxv. 20. This country of Aram is frequently rendered Syria in Scripture; Judges x. 6; Hosea xii. 12, &c.; which is not to be confounded with Palestine Syria; into which they afterwards spread themselves, still retaining their original name, of Ἀράμοι, or Arameans, noticed by Homer, Il. ii. 783." Here it is written that the Arameans were from Mesopotamia, that is Aram Naharaim. It also states that Aram is synonymous with Syria in Scripture. Furthermore, it mentions that when the Arameans spread to Palestine Syria, they retained their original name.
• Meshihâ-zkhâ
  The Chronicle of Arbela, attributed to Meshihâ-zkhâ and believed to date from the 6th century, consists of biographies of twenty bishops who led the Church of Adiabene until that time. This work provides insight into the early history and leadership of the church in the region.
• Shemon Bar Sabbae
  Shemon Bar Sabbae (d. 341 or 344) was the Bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon and a martyr. He was arrested for refusing a royal order to raise a double tax on Christians during the reign of Shapur II. After several meetings with the king, Shemon was executed. His martyrdom is recorded in Syriac texts, including the 'Martyrdom of Shemon' and the 'History of Shemon,' both of which highlight his steadfastness in faith and his role in the persecution of Christians under Shapur II.
• Agapius of Hierapolis
  Agapius of Hierapolis, also known as Maḥbūb ibn Qusṭanṭīn (died after 942), was a Melkite Christian historian and the bishop of Manbij in Syria. He wrote a universal history in Arabic, titled Kitāb al-ʿunwān ("Book of the Title"), which covers the history of the world from its creation up to the year 941/942. He was a contemporary of the annalist Eutychius (Said al-Bitriq), also a Melkite.
• Paul Al-Khoury Al-Kfarnissy
  Paul Al-Khoury Al-Kfarnissy (1888–1963) was a professor of Syriac at the Lebanese Maronite Order. His works include an unpublished history of Syriac literature. He is particularly known for his Grammar of the Aramaic Syriac Language, which is considered one of the best-written Syriac grammars produced in Arabic.
• Paulus Assemani
  Mgr Paul Assemani (1879–1958) was a Syrian priest and scholar. He was born in 1879 in Hasroun, Lebanon, and joined the Petit Séminaire of Ain Waraqa for his studies. He was ordained a priest in 1900. Mgr Assemani taught Arabic at the Patriarchal Seminary and was responsible for the Arabic section of the Chancery. Between 1914 and 1918, he returned to Lebanon and, on 8 September 1919, was appointed parish priest of the Holy Family Church in Ramallah, Palestine, where he served until 1921. In April 1921, he resumed his position as an Arabic language professor at the Patriarchal Seminary until 1933. In 1933, he became the Procurator of the Maronite Patriarchate and Rector of the Maronite Roman College in Rome. He celebrated his golden priesthood jubilee in 1950 at Saint Maron Church in Rome. Mgr Assemani was also a Commander of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre. He passed away on 5 November 1958 in Rome after falling in an elevator shaft at the age of 80. Mgr Assemani translated approximately ten works and published a history of the Assemani family as well as a history of Syriac literature.
• Philoxenos Yuḥanon Dolabani
  Philoxenos Yuḥanon Dolabani (1885–1969) was a modern Syriac Orthodox writer, educator, and bishop of Mardin (1947–69). Born and raised in Mardin, he initially pursued a career in shoe-making but later became a monk in 1908. Dolabani taught at several monasteries and the Syriac Orthodox Orphanage in Adana. He accompanied Patriarch Eliya III on pastoral tours in the Middle East, particularly after World War I and the Sayfo massacres. In 1947, he was consecrated Bishop of Mardin. Dolabani edited various works, including an abridged version of the *Beth Gazo* and Bar ʿEbroyo’s *Book of the Dove*. He authored over 40 books in Syriac, Arabic, and Turkish. His autobiography was published posthumously in 2007.
• Mor Sevira Yacob Bartelli
  Mor Sevira Yacob Bartelli, Bishop of the Convent of Mor Matta and Azerbaijan, who died in 1241, in his book Questions and Answers, advises those studying the Syriac dialects: "Reject what they composed and be Syriac like the Syriacs."
• Mor Dionysius Bar Salibi
  Dionysios bar Ṣalibi (d. 1171) was the Metropolitan of Amid (modern-day Diyarbakır) and a prolific Syriac Orthodox author. He was likely born in Melitene, a cultural crossroads for Syriac and Greek influences. His first notable work was a refutation of Yuḥanon of Mardin's claim that the fall of Edessa in 1144 was against God's will. Initially banned, Dionysios' work was later accepted, leading to his appointment as Bishop of Marʿash in 1148. After Marʿash was taken by the Armenians in 1156, he returned to Melitene, later becoming the Bishop of Amid in 1166, where he restored the Church of Yoldat Aloho. Dionysios died in 1171 and was buried in Amid.
• Moses Bar Kepho
  Moses Bar Kepho was the bishop of Beth Raman and a significant Syriac theologian. Born in Balad (modern Eski Mosul), he became a monk at 20 and was consecrated bishop at around 30. His diocese covered Beth Raman, Beth Kiyonaye, Beth ʿArbaye, and Mosul. Known for his theological works, he was one of the greatest scholars in the Syriac Orthodox Church. His writings often used a formulaic, question-and-answer style, focusing on biblical exegesis, theology, and liturgy. He died on February 12, 903, at age 70 or 90.
• Dayroyo Anton of Tigrit
  Anton of Tagrit, also known as Antonius Rhetor, was a 9th-century Syriac Orthodox theologian, monk, and rhetor. He was based in Tagrit and is best remembered for his contribution to Syriac literature. One of his few surviving works, The Book of the Rhetoric (ܥܠ ܝܕܥܬܐ ܕܪܗܝܛܪܘܬܐ), was translated into several languages, including English.
• Mor Dionysius of Tel Mahre
  Dionysios of Tel Maḥre (Patriarch 818–845) was a historian and a Syriac Orthodox patriarch. Born in Tel Maḥre, he became a monk and was later elected patriarch in 818. His tenure was marked by challenges, including opposition from schismatic groups and tensions with Muslim authorities. He worked to maintain unity in the church, gaining official support from Caliph al-Maʾmūn in 820 and obtaining decrees to suppress rival bishops. Dionysios also intervened in other Christian communities' issues, including the Bashmurites' revolt. He authored a historical work covering ecclesiastical and secular matters, though only fragments remain. Dionysios died in 845.
• Chronicle of Zuqnin
  The Chronicle of Zuqnin is a universal history that begins with the creation of the world and concludes around 775, the time it was written. Known from a single manuscript, it is housed in the Vatican Library (Codex Zuqninensis Vat. Syr. 162) and includes additional folios in the British Library. The author's name is not provided, but it is likely Yeshuʿ the Stylite of Zuqnin, based on a 9th-century colophon. The chronicle is divided into four parts. Part I covers the creation to Constantine, using the Chronicle of Eusebius. Part II spans from Constantine to Theodosius II, based on sources like Socrates Scholasticus. Part III, using works like Yuḥanon of Ephesus' Ecclesiastical History, covers Zeno to Justinian. Part IV, the chronicler’s own contribution, discusses Justinian's reign up to 775, with detailed accounts of the early Abbasids' economic policies and the Syriac Orthodox Church in the Jazīra.
• His Holiness Patriarch Mor Severus of Antioch
  Severus of Antioch (d. 538) was a Syriac Orthodox theologian and patriarch, recognized as one of the most important Greek theologians of the 6th century. Born in Sozopolis, he converted to Christianity in 488 and later became a prominent anti-Chalcedonian leader. He was elected patriarch of Antioch in 512 but fled to Egypt in 518 after the pro-Chalcedonian emperor Justin I came to power. Severus' theological writings, mostly in Greek, were condemned by Emperor Justinian in 536, with many surviving only in Syriac translations. His works focused on refuting Chalcedonian positions and defending his Christological views. He also wrote letters, hymns, and theological treatises, and is remembered for his influence on Syriac Orthodox Christianity. He died in 538.
• Bishop Simeon of Beth Arsham
  Simeon of Beth Arsham was a 6th-century Syriac bishop known for defending Orthodox Christianity. As bishop near Seleucia-Ctesiphon, he opposed Nestorians and other heresies, converting many in Persia and Mesopotamia. After imprisonment, he continued his missionary work and served as an envoy between Byzantium and Persia. He died around 540 in Constantinople.
• John Rufus
  John Rufus was an anti-Chalcedonian priest of Antioch, a disciple of Peter the Iberian and an ecclesiastical historian who served as the bishop of Maiuma.
• Mor Mari the Apostle
  Saint Mari (Mor Mari), originally named Palut, was a disciple of Addai (Thaddeus of Edessa) and a key figure in early Christianity. As one of the 72 disciples, he was sent to preach in Mesopotamia, particularly around Nineveh, Nisibis, and along the Euphrates. He played a major role in spreading Christianity in Syria and Persia. According to tradition, Mor Mari performed many miracles, demonstrating his holiness. His missionary work laid the foundation for the Church of the East, and his legacy remains significant in Syriac Christian history.
• Addai the Apostle of Edessa
  Addai of Edessa (Mor Addai) was one of the 72 apostles of Jesus. According to tradition, he was a Jew from Edessa who became a follower of Jesus after hearing John the Baptist. After Pentecost, he preached in Mesopotamia, Syria, and Persia, converting many and establishing the church in Edessa. A key legend about Addai involves King Abgar of Edessa, who was said to have written to Jesus, asking for healing. Jesus supposedly replied, promising to send a disciple. After Jesus’ ascension, Addai was sent to Edessa, where he healed Abgar and spread Christianity. This story, recorded by Eusebius in the 4th century, later became central to Syriac Christian tradition.
• Dictionarium Chaldaicum: Understanding Rabbinic Commentary
  In this dictionary, it is stated: ארם, meaning Aram in English, is equated as Syria, showing that Aram and Syria are synonymous and mean the same thing. ארמיא, meaning Aramean in English, is equated as Syriac, showing that Syriac and Aramean are synonymous and mean the same thing. ארמיא, meaning Aramean in English, is equated as the Syriac language, showing that Aramaic and the Syriac language are synonymous and mean the same thing. These definitions confirm the interchangeable use of Aram, Syria, Aramean, and Syriac, demonstrating their historical and linguistic continuity.
• Syriac Grammar with Bibliography, Chrestomathy, and Glossary
  "Syriac, i. e. the language of the Christian Arameans, who had their headquarters in Edessa in a northern Mesopotamia, is, in the first place, historically important, since it was through the medium of Syriac literature that Christian and philosophic learning passed to the Arabs and Persians, and even to India and China" Syriac is said to be the language of the Aramean Christians, i.e., Syriacs.
• Strong's Hebrew Lexicon
  In Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, it is stated: אֲרָם ('Arâm) comes from a root meaning 'highland' and refers to Aram or Syria, including its inhabitants. The term is used to describe Aram, Mesopotamia, Syria, and Syriacs, demonstrating that Aram and Syria are interchangeable in biblical and linguistic usage. אֲרַמִּי ('Arammîy) is defined as an Aramean or Aramitess, with the meaning Syriac, confirming that Arameans and Syriacs are synonymous in identity. אֲרָמִית ('Aramîyth) is defined as the Aramaic language, and it is specified that this is the Syriac language (tongue), in Syriack, showing that the language of the Arameans was also called Syriac. אֲרָם צוֹבָה ('Aram Tsôbâh) is defined as Aram of Tsoba (Coele-Syria), linking Aram directly to historical Syria, further reinforcing the synonymous nature of these terms. אֲרַם נַּהֲרַיִם ('Aram Nahărayim) means 'Aram of the Two Rivers' (Euphrates and Tigris) or Mesopotamia, indicating that Aram extended into what was also considered Mesopotamia, yet still retained 'Aram' in its name. In summary, Strong’s Hebrew Dictionary consistently equates Aram with Syria and Aramean with Syriac, both in ethnic identity, geography, and language.
• The Sabaeans and Sabaeanism
  "We have already expressed the assumption that originally, northern Mesopotamia in the narrower sense, as the relatively original land of the Arameans, was called 'Aram' and that this name was only later transferred to some other parts of Mesopotamia and Syria. Here, the Arameans are connected as a native people of northern Mesopotamia, and the name of their land, Aram, was also used to refer to Syria and parts of Mesopotamia, such as Aram-Naharaim." Aram is stated to be synonymous with Syria.
• The Sabaeans and Sabaeanism
  Eliya of Nisibis is referenced with the statement that ܐܳܪܳܡܳܐ (translated as Aram) is the name of a place, while ܐܳܪܳܡܳܝܳܐ (translated as Aramean) is a Syriac. Here, Aramean is synonymous with and equated to 'a Syriac.' The author, referencing Isho Bar Ali and Bar Bahlul, makes the statement that Armojó and Armoït mean pagan and heathen. He further notes that this distinction already appears in the Syriac translation of the New Testament, where Ἕλληνες (Hellenes, i.e., Greeks) is translated as Armojó, ἐθνικῶς (ethnikos, i.e., gentile/pagan) as Armoït, and ὁ Σύρος (ho Syros, i.e., the Syrian) as Oromojó. Thus, it is said that Aramean and pagan/heathen are differentiated.
• Lexicon Chaldaicum et Syriacum
  In Lexicon Chaldaicum et Syriacum, it is stated: אָרָם – Translated as Aram. The entry explains: "The name of the man Aram, from whom Syria is called Aramia." This demonstrates that Aram and Syria are synonymous. אָרָמָא – Translated as Aramean and Syriac. The term ܐܳܪܳܡܳܝܳܐ is also given as Aramean, demonstrating that Syriac and Aramean are synonymous. Syriac and Aramean are used interchangeably and are equated to each other, reinforcing their identical linguistic and ethnic significance.
• Lexicon Syriacum Concordantiale
  In Lexicon Syriacum Concordantiale, it is stated: ܐܳܪܳܡ – Translated as Aram and equated with Syria. The name ܐܳܪܳܡ (Aram) is synonymous with Syria, and from it, the region was called Aramia, from which the gentilic/racial designation also derives. Aram and Syria are used interchangeably, referring to the same geographical and historical entity. ܐܳܪܳܡܳܝܳܐ – Translated as Aramean and equated with Syriac, with both terms being synonymous. ܐܳܪܳܡܳܝܳܐ (Aramean) and Syriac are used interchangeably, signifying the same ethnic and linguistic identity.
• Lexicon Syriacum by Antonio Zanolini
  In Lexicon Syriacum by Antonio Zanolini, the entry for ܐܳܪܳܡܳܝܳܐ is translated as 'Aramean' and is also equated with 'Syriac,' using the terms interchangeably.
• Schindleri Lexicon Pentaglotton
  In Schindleri Lexicon Pentaglotton, it states the following: Aramean (ארמי) is equated with Syrus (Syriac) and Aramaeus (Aramean), using Syriac and Aramean interchangeably. The term ארם (Aram), ארמי (Aramean, singular), and ארמים (Arameans, plural) are given in Hebrew.
• Lexicon Syriacum Concordantiale
  The Lexicon Syriacum Concordantiale states that Aram is a proper name of a man (Luke 3:33), from which the region of Syria derives its name, equating Syria with Aram. Additionally, it is used as a gentilic/racial designation, with its emphatic form meaning Aramean, equated to Syrian (Luke 4:27). The Lexicon Syriacum Concordantiale states that Aram is the man after whom Syria was named, showing that Syria and Aram are synonymous. It also identifies Arameans as Syriacs, confirming that the terms are used interchangeably in history and the Bible.
• Dictionarium Syriaco-Latinum
  - The term ܐܳܪܳܡ and ܐܰܪܰܡ is translated as Aram and equated to Syria. - The term ܐܳܪܳܡ ܢܰܗܪ̈ܺܝܢ is translated as Aram-Naharaim and equated to Mesopotamia. - The term ܐܳܪܳܡܳܝܳܐ is translated as Aramean and equated to Syriac.
• The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
  The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia states the following: - Arameans (ארמים) are equated with Syriacs – The entry explicitly mentions that Arameans are often translated as Syriacs in both the Authorized Version (AV) and Revised Version (RV) of the Bible. The text directs the reader to Syria for further clarification. - Aramaic (ארמית) is equated with Syrian/Syriac – The encyclopedia lists Aramaic as equivalent to Syrian/Syriac in biblical translations. In the AV, it appears as Syrian, while in the RV, it is Syriac. - Biblical references confirm this equivalence – Passages like 2 Kings 18:26 and Isaiah 36:11 describe Aramaic as the "Syriac language," reinforcing that in biblical contexts, the terms Aramean and Syriac, as well as Aramaic and Syriac, are used interchangeably. - Aram-Dammesek (ארם דמשק) is Syria of Damascus, conquered by David (2 Samuel 8:5-6), reinforcing the identification of Aram with Syria. - Aram (ארם) and its people, the Arameans, are equated to Syriacs. The term Aramitess (ארמית) refers to an Aramean woman, equated to a Syriac woman (1 Chronicles 7:14), showing that some inhabitants of Gilead were Arameans, equated to Syriacs, by descent. - Aram-Naharaim (ארם נהרים) refers to Mesopotamia, also called Syria of the Two Rivers, identifying it with the region between the Tigris and Euphrates and reinforcing the connection between Aram and Syria. - Aramean regions such as Aram-Maacah (ארם מעכה), Aram-Rehob (ארם רחוב), and Aram-Zobah (ארם צובה) are equated to Syrian territories, as they are all listed under Syria in the encyclopedia. The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia equates Arameans (ארמים) with Syriacs and Aramaic (ארמית) with Syrian/Syriac, as seen in Biblical translations where "Syrian" (AV) and "Syriac" (RV) are used interchangeably. It identifies Aram (ארם) with Syria, including regions like Aram-Dammesek, Aram-Naharaim, and Aram-Zobah, and states that an Aramean woman (ארמית) is equated to a Syriac woman (1 Chronicles 7:14).
• Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament
  - ארם (Aram) is translated as Aram, Mesopotamia, and Syria. It refers to both Western Syria and Mesopotamia. When used alone, it usually means Western Syria, especially Syria of Damascus. When referring to Mesopotamia, it appears as ארם נהרים (Aram-Naharaim), meaning Syria of the two rivers, or פדן ארם (Paddan-Aram), meaning the plain of Syria. - ארמי (Aramean) is equated with Syriac as a term for the people. - ארמית (Aramaic) is equated with Syriac as the language, as seen in Daniel 2:4, Ezra 4:7, and Isaiah 36:11. - ארם צובה (Aram-zobah) and ארם בית רחוב (Aram-beth-rehob) were Aramean kingdoms later subject to Damascus. - ארם (Aram) is also a personal name, referring to a grandson of Nahor in Genesis 22:21. Arameans (ארמי) are equated with Syriacs, and Aramaic (ארמית) is equated with the Syriac language. Aram (ארם) refers to both Syria and Mesopotamia, linking the Arameans, their land, and their language to Syriac identity.
• Carl Brockelmann Lexicon Syriacum
  In this dictionary, the term ܐܳܪܳܡܳܝܳܐ (Aramean) is equated with 'a Syriac.'
• Chaldäisches Wörterbuch über die Targumim und einen grossen Theil des Rabbinischen Schriftthums
  In this dictionary: - ארם (Aram) is translated as Aram and equated with Aramaea and Syria. - ארמא (Aramaah) and ארמיתא (Aramitah) are translated as Aramaic but equated with Aramean and Syriac. - ארמאי (Armaei) is equated with Arameans. - ארמית (Aramit) is translated as Aramaic but equated with Syriac.
• Lexicon to the Syriac New Testament (Peshitta)
  In this dictionary, ܐܳܪܳܡܳܝܳܐ is translated as 'an Aramean' and is equated with 'a Syriac.'
• A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmuds, and Midrashic Literature
  In this dictionary, the term ארם (Aram) is equivalent to Aramaea and is equated with Syria. The term ארמא ,ארמאה (Aramean) is also equated with Syriac.
• The Syriac Lexicon, separately printed from his Heptaglot Lexicon.
  The term ܐܳܪܳܡܳܝܳܐ is equated with Aramean, which is equivalent to Syriac. The term ܐܳܪܡܳܐܻܝܬ is equated with Aramaic, which is also equivalent to Syriac. In this dictionary, Syriac refers both to the Aramean people and to their language, Aramaic.
• Christian Catechism for Aramean Students in Syriac Education
  "In the name of God, I undertake to write a book of Christian teaching for the progress of Aramean learners in Syriac confession, which was established in Arabic by Mor Ignatius Aphrem the First, Patriarch of the Apostolic See and of all the East."
• Against the Melchites
  "Because of their hatred, they (the Greeks) call us Jacobites instead of Syriacs. In response, we say that the name Syriac, which you have taken from us, is superior, for it comes from Syrus, who ruled over Antioch, and the land was named Syria after him—just as your name, Greek, comes from Javan the pagan. However, we are the descendants of Aram, and in ancient times, we were called Arameans after his name."
• Calender
  "Again, by the power of our Lord Jesus Christ, we write a codex showing all the feasts of our Lord and the commemorations of the saints throughout the entire annual cycle. The first of October, the first month and the beginning of the Syriac year."
• Book of Directions
  "The Sabbath of the Kalends River, or the dawn of the Sabbath, which is the beginning of the Suryoyo/Syriac year (1st of October)."
• Feasts of the Church Year
  "Again, by the power of our Lord, we write a codex showing all the feasts of the year. First, the first of Octobter, the beginning of the Syriac year." (ܬܘܒ ܒܝܕ ܚܝܠܗ ܕܡܪܢ ܟܬܒܝܢܢ ܩܘܕܝܟܘܣܟ ܡܚܘܝܢܐ ܕܟܠܗܘܢ ܥܐܕܐ ܕܫܢܬܐ ܩܕܡܝܬ ܬܫܪܝܢ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܪܝܫ ܫܢܬܐ ܕܣܘܪܝܝܐ)
• Guide to Festivals
  "Calendar of the Lord's Feasts and Commemorations of Saints of the Annual Cycle according to the Order of Mor Jacob of Edessa before the First of October, the beginning of the Suryoyo/Syriac year" (ܡܚܘܝܢܐ ܕܥܐܪܐ ܡܪܐܢܝܐ ܘܕܘܟܪܢܐ ܕܩܕܝܫܐ ܕܟܪܘܟܝܐ ܫܢܬܢܝܐ ܛܘܟܣܐ ܕܡܪܝ ܝܥܩܘܒ ܐܘܪܗܝ ܩܕܡ ܬܫܪܝܢ ܩܕܝܡ ܪܝܫ ܫܢܬܐ ܕܣܘܪܝܝܐ)
• Church Calendar
  "October is the beginning of the Suryoyo/Syriac year." (ܬܫܪܝܢ ܩܕܝܡ ܘܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܪܝܫܐ ܕܫܢܬܐ ܕܣܘܪܝܝܐ)
• Publications of the Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East
  "The Syriacs are the grandchildren of the Aramaeans that trace their roots to Aram, the Son of Sam, the Son of Noah. Their civilization flourished in the land of Syria and the Levant since the 15th century B.C.³ After the Arameans converted to Christianity, and as they were very faithful and proud of their new religion, they denounced their old name (i.e. Aramaeans) and adopted the name Syriacs which gave them their religious identity instead of the name Aramaeans that denoted paganism, thus differentiating themselves from the Aramaeans that remained pagans.⁴"
• The Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch at a Glance
  "The Syriac language is the Aramaic language itself, and the Arameans are the Syrians themselves. Whoever has made a distinction between them has erred."
• About the Modern Syriacs
  “Today’s Syriacs are regarded largely as the descendants of the old Arameans.”
• La Littérature Syriaque
  "Much of this region was inhabited by Arameans who, following the evangelization of these areas, adopted the name Syriacs."
• The Expositor
  "In fact, no Church can claim to have studied the Scriptures more, carefully, and to have applied all the scientific resources of the early ages of Christianity to biblical criticism more steadily than the Syriac community. From the second century till the first quarter of the seventh, eight different versions of the New Testament were produced by genuine researches of the Aramaean population, spreading from the Mediterranean shores to the East of Persia, and from the massif of the Taurus to the Arabian peninsula. [...] On the other hand, the writers of the Gospels, being from an Aramaic-speaking population, while writing in Greek were generally thinking in Syriac, and the Aramaic stamp of their phrases is sometimes so strong that without a knowledge of this language and the reading of the versions which are written in it, the real thought of the sacred author will perhaps be misunderstood."
• Eliya of Nisibis
  Metropolitan of Nisibis and author. Eliya d-Ṣoba or bar Shinaya was born in Shenna (North Iraq) and studied in the St. Michael’s monastery near Mosul. In 1002, he was ordained bp. of Beth Nuhadra and, in 1008, metropolitan of Nisibis. The majority of Eliya’s works were written in Arabic.
• About the Year 745
  "In which he established Omar, son of Hubeira, governor of Beth Aramaye."
• About the Year 724
  "In which Omar, son of Hubeira, was relieved of the Beth Aramaye emirate."
• About the Year 720
  "In which Omar, son of Hubeira, became emir of Beth Aramaye."
• About the Year 715
  "In which Jezid, son of Muhallab, was established emir of Beth Aramaye."
• About the Year 695
  "The church of Beth Aramaye remained without chief until the death of Heggag; this means for 18 years."
• About the Year 694
  "In which Hegag, son of Jusuf, was established governor of Beth Aramaye."
• About the Year 664
  "In which Mu'awia established Ziad, son of 'Obeia, governor of the Beth Aramaye areas."
• Chronography of Eliya of Nisibis
  "After his death, Heggag, Emir of Beth Aramaye gave order that there should not established any Catholic. The patriarchal throne of Seleucia remained without a chief for 20 years till Heggag died."
• Apricots
  Under the entry 'Aramean apricots': "that is to say apricots"
• Aram & Harran
  Under the entry 'Aram' we find the explanation: "Aram is Harran."
• About Aram Itself
  He writes under the entry 'Aram': "Aram itself is Harran of Mesopotamia."
• A Letter to Maron
  "When Naaman the Suryoyo/Syriac [...]"
• About the Biblical Patriarch Abraham
  "The fate of the sacrifices received Abraham the Aramean."
• Bible Translation
  In the Hebrew Bible, the Sassoon Codex, dated to the 10th century AD, states in 2 Kings 8:28-29: “28 Ahaziah went with Joram, son of Ahab, to war against Hazael, king of Aram, at Ramoth Gilead. The Arameans wounded Joram; 29 so King Joram returned to Jezreel to recover from the wounds the Arameans had inflicted on him at Ramoth in his battle with Hazael, king of Aram.” Note that “Arameans” and “Aram” are labeled. Now, if we look at the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible (specifically, the Greek translation of this verse), the term “Aramean” is substituted with “Syrian/Syriac” (Suryoyo) and "Aram" with "Syria."
• A Modern Syriac-English Dictionary
  In the Syriac-English dictionary of Abraham Yohannan, a member of the Church of the East, he states that, according to generally accepted opinion, the Syrians were first known as Aramoye or Oromoye, which means Arameans. The designation Suryoyo (i.e., Syrian) came to be replaced by Aramean because the latter expression sounded pagan.
• Dictionary of Races or Peoples
  In the Dictionary of Races or Peoples by the United States Immigration Commission (1907–1910), a Suryoyo (Syriac) is defined as a member of the native Aramaic race, that is, an Aramean.
• A compendious Syriac dictionary, founded upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D.,
  In the dictionary of Payne Smith, R. (Robert) (1818–1895) and Payne Smith, J. (Jessie) (d. 1933), Aramean is defined as Suryoyo (Syriac).
• Louis Costaz Syriac-French-English-Arabic Dictionary
  In Louis Costaz’s dictionary (1767–1842 AD), Suryoyo (Syriac) is exclusively equated with Aramean.
• A Commentary on the Whole Bible
  "The Patriarch Joshua bin Nun said in the eighth century of Christ that the land was called Syria by king Suros who after killing his brother became king over Mesopotamia and all the countries subject to his rule were called Syria. The Syriacs were called Arameans in ancient times, but when the Arameans embraced Christianity they abandoned their ancient name and were called Syriacs. We know that the Aramean language in which Abraham spoke was the Syriac."
• The Khuzistan Chronicle
  "Isho Yahb was treated respectfully throughout his life, by the king himself and his two christian wives Shirin the Aramean and Mary the Greek".
• World History of Agapius of Menbidj
  "Nahor begat Aram, from this name (of Aram), those settled in Harran in Mesopotamia and its neighbouring areas up to Mosul were called "Arameans". The books tell us about another Aram descending from Shem, whose land was situated in the East side of the sun [...] The borders of Aram son of Shem son of Noah are to the country of Misan; therefore the population of that city and its areas is called after Aram."
• A Short History of Syriac Literature
  "The Arameans were in Aram which was from Persia to the Mediterranean, and they all were called Arameans, but when the Greeks seized the area they called it Syria."
• A Short History of Syriac Literature
  "The Arameans are the sons of Aram, son of Shem. They settled since old times in the large Aramean countries which were stretched from Persia in the East, and from the Mediterranean in the West and Armenia and Asia Minor in the North and Arabian Peninsula in the South. Their lands were Bayblon, Assyria, Mesopotamia, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine."
• A Record of the Mission of Mari
  "As for the blessed apostle, he returned with his companions and went up to Beth-Aramaye, Seleucia, and Ctesiphon."
• A Record of the Mission of Mari
  "The conversion of Kashkar preceded the conversion of Seleucia and Beth-Aramaye, because tradition holds that the bish- opric see of this place was older than all the other sees."
• A Record of the Mission of Mari
  "The blessed Mar Mari previously went to Kashkar, when he first arrived in Beth-Aramaye and realized that Seleucia would not open its door so that he could teach its inhabitants a lesson in the fear of God."
• A Record of the Mission of Mari
  "After many years of going around Beth-Aramaye, where he brought to the Christian faith many among the Jews and the pagans..."
• A Record of the Mission of Mari
  "After the blessed Mar Mari had returned from the territories of the Syriacs, he came down to Beth-Aramaye, beginning with the region of Radan."
• A Record of the Mission of Mari
  "Now the cities and territories of Babylonia and Persia were full of small kings, but the Parthians were ruling the territory of Babylonia. At that time, the Parthian Aphrahat son of Aphrahat was reigning in Babylonia - in Seleucia and Ctesiphon in Beth- Aramaye."
• Mor Jacob of Edessa
  Mor Jacob of Edessa (c. 684–9, 708) was one of the greatest Syriac Orthodox scholars, bishops, and biblical commentators. Born in ʿEn Deba, Antioch, he studied at the Monastery of Qenneshre and in Alexandria, mastering Greek and Syriac. Appointed Bishop of Edessa around 684, he resigned after a few years due to disagreements over canon law, famously burning a copy of the canons in protest. He later taught at the Monastery of Eusebona but left due to opposition to Greek influence. Settling at the Monastery of Tell ʿAda, he worked on revising the Old Testament. Reappointed as Bishop of Edessa in 708, he died four months later on June 5 at Tell ʿAda. A polymath, Jacob’s works significantly influenced the Syriac Orthodox Church, and miracles were reported at his tomb.
• Bar Hebraeus
  Bar Hebraeus [Bar 'Ebroyo] was the Syriac Orthodox Maphrian from 1264 until his death in 1286. He was consecrated in 1246 as Bishop over the district of Gubos by Patriarch Ignatius III David (1222–52) and at this consecration took the name Gregory. He became friends with the Eastern Catholicos, Yahballaha III and recognized the value of Christian unity amongst the "Nestorian", Greek, Latin, and Armenian Christians. As a young man in Antioch and Tripoli, Bar 'Ebroyo was educated in a broad range of fields and industrious in his publications. He published works in the following genres: encyclopedia, philosophy, medicine, mathematics, science, theology, canon law, Biblical exegesis, grammar, chronicles, other miscellaneous works. Bar ʿEbroyo composed over forty works covering a wide range of subjects, mostly in Syriac, but occasionally also in Arabic. Taken as a whole, Bar ʿEbroyo’s literary output may be seen as an attempt at a revival of learning in Syriac through the use of the latest scholarly literature which was available in his day mostly in Arabic.
• Mor Ignatius Aphrem I
  Patr. and scholar. He was born to Stephan Barsoum and Susan Abdulnur, who both hailed from distinguished families of Mosul, and was named Ayyoub. He studied as a child at the Dominican School in Mosul and then taught there after he graduated. He also studied Arabic literature and rhetoric at the hands of a local Muslim imām. He joined Dayr al-Zaʿfarān where he was tonsured a monk in 1907 and named Afram after St. Ephrem the Syrian, and later was ordained a priest in 1908. He taught at the school of the monastery, and became director of its printing press in 1911. In 1913, he embarked on a scholarly trip in the Ṭur ʿAbdin region studying local mss. He was consecrated bp. of Syria in 1918 and resided in Ḥimṣ; later Lebanon was added to his diocese. In 1919 he represented his church at the Paris Peace Conference and embarked on a second scholarly trip across Europe where he spent 17 months visiting libraries that hold Syriac mss. In 1927, he embarked on a third scholarly trip visiting Europe and the US, where he consecrated three churches in Worcester, MA, Patterson, NJ, and Rhode Island. During his stay there, he visited the University of Chicago where he worked at the Oriental Institute. In 1932 he became a member of the Syrian Academy. In 1933, he was elected and consecrated patr. , and transferred the Patriarchate to Ḥimṣ. He established in 1939 the Seminary of Saint Ephrem. He authored numerous books, published Syriac texts, and translated Syriac texts into Arabic.
• About Sayfo
  "On the persecutions of Armenian and Aramean Christians in Mardin, Diyarbakir, Siirt, Jazira, and Nusaybin that occurred in the year 1915."
• The Early Spread of Christianity in Central Asia and the Far East
  "It is not sufficiently realized by modern scholars that the immense majority of the members of the Nestorian Church living east of the Tigris were of Persian, and not Semitic or Aramean birth and extraction".
• Key of the Aramean language or complete or practical Grammar of the two syriac dialects of the Occident and Orient
  "the dependence of these vowels on those of Arameans obliges us to find a centre where the culture of the Aramaic language was flourishing, and this centre is the school of Baghdâd, which was, as we have already stated, under the direction of Nestorian scholars, and where a treatise on Syriac grammar was written by the celebrated Hunain."
• Selected Pieces of Aramean Literature
  "What induced us to dedicate to the mentioned topic a special chapter is to end the controversy between many Chaldeans and Syriacs. Everyone of them claims the origin for himself and to be the older one, without having a reliable evidence or a funded scientific proof. In order to clarify the actualness of this problem and avoid the controversy, we say: All tribes, which lived in ancient times in the expanded countries, which were limited in the east by Persia, in the west by the Mediterranean, in the north by Asia Minor, by the countries of the Armenians and Greeks and in the south by the Arab peninsula, were known as children of Arams or as Arameans. The countries of Babylon and Assur were at all times, even after the Arab conquest, called Beth Aramaye, that is countries of the Arameans. It is not necessary to demonstrate the innumerable testimonies in order to prove this fact; it is a truth, which is known for everybody, who has the slightest idea of the informations about the Church of the East, because the books of our ancestors are full of them. Likewise the countries of Mesopotamia were well-known as the countries of Arams. You will realize from the mentioned testimonies here and also from others, that the inhabitants of Edessa and Jazira all of them were Arameans by nation and language. Regarding the dwellers of Syria, it is even more evident. You will receive testimonies of the church authors, who confirm this position. It became clear that all countries, which are known today under the designation syriac is, whether in the east or in the west, were since time immemorial known as Aramean, and this is the correct designation. The syriac authors whether in the East or in the West, state that the term [Syriac] comes from Suros. Suros was a man of Aramean origin, who founded according to their opinion the city of Antiochia and conquered the countries of Syria and Mesopotamia. Following him these countries were called Syria and their inhabitants Syriacs, as today the inhabitants of the Ottoman Empire are called Ottomans. The Syriacs generally, whether from the East or from the West were not called Syriacs in former times, but Arameans in dependance on their progenitor Aram, the son of Shem, the son of Noah. The name 'Syriac' dates from a time about 400 or 500 B.C. The term Syriac was adopted by the East-Arameans (Chaldeans and Assyrians) after Christ through the apostles, who had proselytized these countries."
• Treasure of the Syriac Language
  “Arameans, that is, Syriacs. Aramaic language, [that is] Syriac”
• Treasure of the Syriac Language
  "It is well-known by scholars, that the syriac language was at that time the spoken language of the population, which lived in large numbers in the eastern areas, that is Syria, Beth Nahrin, Assyria and the land of Sinear and its environments. All these territories were called Beth Aram by the Jews, as it is revealed in the Old Testament. For Aram, the son of Shem, ruled over them and populated them with his offspring. For this reason, the language is not called Syriac in the Old [Testament], but ‘Aramaic’, which is its genuine and original name, as it appears to us. For the Christian doctrine prospered first in that part of Beth Aram, which was called especially by the Greeks Syria, and primarily prospered first in Antiochia, the mother of all cities, where the disciples were called christians for the first time. All the people from Beth Aram, who became christians, were called Syriacs. Everyone of the children of the Aramean race, and especially the clergy, should care for, learn and sponsor the precious Aramaic language."
• Adventures of Two Church Members from China on a Pilgrimage to Jerusalem
  "Though he is denounced to the Harmargerd of Beth Aramaye"
• Book of the Bee
  "Touching the writing which was written in Greek, Hebrew and Latin, and set over Christ's head, there was no Aramean written upon the tablet, for the Arameans or Syriacs had no part in (the shedding of) Christ's blood, but only the Greeks and Hebrews and Romans; Herod the Greek and Caiaphas the Hebrew and Pilate the Roman. Hence when Abgar the Aramean king of Mesopotamia heard (of it), he was wroth against the Hebrews and sought to destroy them."
• Book of the Bee
  "In the days of Reu the languages were divided into seventy and two; up to this time there was only one language, which was the parent of them all, namely, Aramean, that is Syriac."
• Cause of all Causes
  A 10th-century bishop of Urhoy/Edessa discussed ideas similar to Galileo's astronomy and Nietzsche's superman in his book 'The Cause of All Causes', a remarkable and insightful work: "And the knowledge of the whole star system, discovered by the Babylonian Arameans, that is to say the Chaldeans, those who in the south-east regions are growling because of the sandy soil in all their places and the unknown paths and roads leading from place to place and from city to city."
• Chapter XV. - Of those Ascetics and holy men who were to be found in various places in the days of Rabban Gabriel
  "And on the episcopal throne of Salakh there shone with apostolic light the holy Bishop Mar Isho-zekha, who came from the country of Beth Armaye;"
• Chapter XXXII. Of Mar Isho-zekha, the Syriac, Bishop of Salakh
  "This blessed man came from the country of Beth Armaye, and according to what I have learned from the ancients, he was a monk in this holy monastery."
• Of the going down of Rabban Simon to George the Catholicos
  "Now when the blessed Mar George the Patriarch went up from the countries of Persia and Beth Katraye, because he had been absent there a long time, and because everything concerning him was a joy or a sorrow to this holy congregation, when all the holy Elders heard of his coming to the paternal throne of Beth Aramaye, they decided to send suitable men to meet him and to salute the father of fathers."
• About the Confusion of Tongues, Scholion
  "It is understood that Abraham was a Syriac. [...] This is the reason for the corruption of the Syriac language during the centuries. It was spoiled by accepting foreign words. [...] And if you compare the Babylonian language with the real Syriac language, you will see that even one percent of it does not exist in Syriac.”
• Commentary on the whole Bible
  "Syria was thus called by the name of Suros, who having killed his brother, reigned in Mesopotamia, and hence the whole region during his reign was called Syria. But in ancient times Syriacs were called Arameans. [...] We know that the Aramean language in which Abraham spoke was the Syriac."
• Poems of Bar Maʿdani
  It is written by Mor Philoxenos Yuhanon Dolabani in the preface of Mimre d-Bar Maadani: "For the benefit of those who love the Aramaeandom, we were careful to publish this book of memre and verse homilies of Mor Yuhanon Bar Ma‘dani."
• The Language of Mankind
  "The language of all mankind was one, the Syriac, and it was divided into three parts. The clearest was Aramaic."
• The Language of Edessa
  "The Aramaic language is the Syriac language of Urhoy."
• Grammar of the Syriac language in the Ephraimian meter
  "Wash my tongue with hyssop, so that they speak in the Aramaic language in the measure of Ephraem, because this is the Syriac way of speaking, which foreigners do not use."
• Bar Hebraeus, Syriac Treasures
  "The Syriac tongue is from Aram, the son of Shem, the son of Noah; the name is transmitted in Aramaic." "Aram is Inner Syria, that is Palestine, while outside of Syria is called Aram-Nahrin." "The Arameans don't want to mix with the pagans."
• Storehouse of Secrets
  "That is, that the Syriac was the first tongue, and not the Hebrew as some think, is known from this, that Abraham was first called Hebrew because of the crossing of the river Euphrates"
• About the Syriac-Aramaic language
  "And Saint Basil and Mar Aprim have decided that the first language which existed before the division of tongues was Syriac, even as the word 'Bhulbala' itself testifieth. But the pious Jacob and John of Yathreb think that Hebrew was the first language—the Hebrew which was preserved with Eber, for he was a righteous man and did not agree to the building of the Tower."
• Chronography of Bar Hebraeus
  "The Border of Shem: From Persia and Bhakurtos to India and Rinokura, the Assyrians, the Chaldeans, the Lydians, the Syriacs, the Hebrews, and the Persians."
• About Aramaic and Hebrew
  "The first tongue/language is Aramaic from which is developed Hebrew."
• About Edessa
  "The Daughter of the Aramaeans, though far off, heard the news of Him; sick in love with Him, she urged Him to come to her."
• Homily on Edessa and Jerusalem
  "Because the world is dark and Abgar—the son of the Aramaeans—black, The world of darkness was illumined through Abgar, by Christ; But the People were darkened by the Son of God, who was the Light."
• Discourse to Hypatius IV
  "They have combined and made from the word 'man,' 2 as it is written in the Aramaic (the explanation) that this (word) refers to a (single) man, that is the Primal Man, the Father of the Five Shining Ones whom they call ZIWANE (the Bright Ones)."
• Mor Ephrem the Syrian
  Ephrem the Syrian (c. 306–373) is celebrated as the "Harp of the Holy Spirit," his evocative hymns and profound theological insights echoing through the ages. From his early days, his poetic brilliance and visionary thought captivated both common believers and church authorities, setting a luminous standard for Christian liturgy and doctrine. Through a vast body of work—ranging from stirring hymns to incisive theological treatises—Ephrem wove the mysteries of faith into a tapestry of divine poetry, offering solace and clarity amid times of doctrinal uncertainty. His enduring legacy continues to inspire theologians, poets, and seekers alike, illuminating the path to a deeper understanding of the sacred.
• Chronicle of Arbela
  "And in unanimity they both choose of the entire people Papa, the Aramaean, a smart and wise man."
• Chronicle of Arbela
  "Following Hairan, who is worthy of honor among the saints, was Šahlupa, zealous and caring and hard-working in fear of God. Also this holy father was from Beth Aramaye."
• Chronicle of Arbela
  “After 'Ebedh-Msiha came the blessed Hiran, from the land of Beth Aramaye. In the early days of his episcopate, there was terror and war everywhere. The sun eclipsed and refused to shine on us: a sign of the Lord's wrath against the exasperating people. For in his time, there were many wars between Romans and Parthians, and Artaban, king of the latter, entered the land of the Romans and burned several towns in Beth Aramaye” “From the beginning they had rushed into Mesopotamia, then into Beth Aramaye.”
• Grammar of the Aramaic Syriac Language
  "They are called Syriacs or Syrians. They call their country Syria and their language Syriac or Syrian to distinguish themselves from their fellow Aramaeans who did not convert to Christianity." "I wish that, despite their intense zeal for the Christian religion, they had continued to preserve their noble Aramaic name, which was not at all soft on Christianity, but rather was intended to revive in them the memory of their past glory and the greatness of their Aramaic state throughout the ages."
• Grammar of the Aramaic Syriac Language
  "The Arameans are the sons of Aram, son of Shem. They were a large and famous nation. Their homeland from the oldest days was the vast country that they settled in with their father before everyone else, so it was named after them: the land of Aram or the land of the Arameans." "It is bounded to the east by the land of Persia, to the west by the Mediterranean Sea, to the north by the land of Armenia and Asia Minor, and to the south by the Arabian Peninsula. So it includes the land of Babylon, Assyria, Mesopotamia, the land of the Levant, and Lebanon." "When the Greeks took over this country (in 312 BC) and saw the remains of the Assyrian kings in it, they called it Syria, a corruption of Ashur in Aramaic, and they said in it Assur Ya, then they shortened it to Syria." "However, the Arameans continued to call their country Aram and claim to be related to it until they embraced the Christian religion. Then they began, with excessive jealousy, to abandon their old name, Arameans."
• The knowledge of Eloqeunce
  “The fifth meter of poetry is usually composed of six or seven strophics whose number sometimes increases or decreases. This meter belongs to a man named W'afa, an Aramaean philosopher. The composition of poetry by this man, whose name has been unknown for generations, is evidence that this art (poetry) is old with us.”
• Key to the Confessions of Faith
  "Languages, again first ascended to the generations of Aram and was then called the Aramaic language. Secondly, many wise men and philosophers who have no comparison in ancient times spread and expanded the Syriac language. We have no place to count them except for a few to mention, like Ahiqar the great sage who lived at the end of the eighth century and beginning of the seventh century BC, and likewise Wafa the Aramean, the famous philosopher who was praised in his time, and other scholars from whom, it is said, great nations learned all knowledge and teachings of philosophy and logical wisdom and other teachings, and even the signs and letters of ancient Aramaic inscribed on stones."
• Magic prayer of the disciples
  "Mounted warrior (name erased) killing an Aramean"
• Lebanese Maronite Missionary Order
  "Alex the Aramean is beautiful"
• Congregation of the Daughters of the Sacred Heart
  "Aramean monk from Jordan"
• The Six Days
  ”Mor Philoxenus said also that the translation of the Bible called 'The Simple-Pashitto' which was translated into our language, the Aramaic, is the work of Agola and Soomkhos. ”
• Mor Jacob of Serugh
  Mor Jacob (♱ ca. 521) is known by his followers as the flute of the Holy Spirit (sometimes even the Harp), second only in importance to St. Ephrem himself. From an early age, his prophetic voice and poetic splendor were recognized by ecclesiastical authorities. He spent the majority of his life preaching throughout the territory of Batnan, but was ordained Bishop of Serugh in 518. Jacob remains not only an important spiritual writer, but an important source for historians of anti-Chalcedonian theology. Of his approximately 700 works, only roughly half survive, some of which have yet to be edited and many of which have yet to be translated into modern languages.
• Mor Michael Rabo
  Mor Michael Rabo (St. Michael the Great), born in 1126 in Melitine during Patriarch Mor Athanasius VII’s reign, was raised in a devout Syrian family and became a monk at Mor Barsawmo’s Monastery. Ordained first as a priest and Abbot, he was eventually elected (albeit reluctantly) as Patriarch of Antioch in 1166, moving the Patriarchal See to Mor Hananya Monastery and enacting numerous ecclesiastical reforms and synods to address discipline and heresy. A dedicated scholar and scribe, he authored significant works on liturgy, priesthood, and church history—including a comprehensive history from Creation to 1193—and transcribed key manuscripts, such as a Syriac Gospel later presented to Malankara. His leadership and scholarly contributions have earned him a lasting legacy as one of the Church’s most revered pontiffs.
• The Liturgy of the Assyrian Church of the East
  "Glory and praise before him in the morning in which the splendor of the king's son shone forth. The mountains will be humbled and the valleys will be filled. The ropes strike the earth harshly, and the sons of Aram rise and offer praise. The twenty-second voice in the signs of the upper monastery has no common arrangement. Because I loved your law, my prayer comes before you. May our prayer be pleasing to you."
• Introduction to the Songs of the Feasts of the Lord
  "I found these four first letters written above in that manuscript from which we wrote. The preparation of this holy seal that we present to you today, our beloved Aramean brothers, is a portion of the hymns of our blessed fathers that was taken from the great books and arranged specifically for the pilgrims of those holy monasteries."
• Beth Gazo
  "May the peace of your Lord be with you according to His promise, and may He drive away from you all the conflicts of the accuser. May peace increase in the church and in the congregations, and may the children of the daughter of the Arameans rejoice in faith. Son of God who is the way of life, have mercy on your church on the day of your revelation. Glory to you. Again, peace of Saint Mor Jacob, a little from the second discourse."
• Bar Bahlul’s Lexicon
  "Syria was derived from Suros, either during his lifetime or after his death. This Suros had killed his brother and ruled over Mesopotamia. His whole kingdom was called Syria. The Syriacs were formerly called Arameans, but when Suros ruled over them, from then on they were called Syriacs." Here, Bar Salibi makes the connection between modern Syriacs being descendants of the ancient Arameans, emphasizing the connection between 'Suryoye Oromoye.'
• Bar Hebraeus Grammar
  In the grammar of Bar Hebraeus, 'Aramean,' as written in the Aramaic part of the text, is translated as 'Syriac' in the Latin part. Thus, Aramean is equated with Syriac.
• Chronicle of Mor Dionysius of Tel Mahre
  "We call 'Syriacs,' in a special way, those living in the land West of the Euphrates River, from the Mount Amanon in the north of Antioch until the boundaries of Palestine, and from the Red Sea until the Euphrates. And in a figurative way, we call 'Syriacs' those who speak this Aramaic language from the West and East side of the Euphrates (that is to say from the Mediterranean Sea until the land of Persia). We said this, in order to show in a special way, that the 'Syriacs' are those living in the West. And the inhabitants of the Island that is to say those living between the land of the Two Rivers are inhabtiants of the land situated on the East side of the Euphrates: and that Urhoy is the country of the Syriac-Aramaic language and its foundation."
• Book of the Cave of Treasures
  and from Adam until the present time they were all of one speech and one language. They all spake this language, that is to say Syriac, which is Aramaic, and this language is the king of all languages. Now, ancient writers have erred in that they said that Hebrew was the first [language], and in this matter they have mingled an ignorant mistake in their writing. For all the languages that are in the world are derived from Syriac, and all the languages in books are mingled with it."
• Beth Gazo
  "And in such danger I stood bitterly, when I was asking for death for myself earnestly, without hesitation, with thought and meditation, to go to the courtyard of the church, the daughter of the Arameans."
• Hymns of the Syrian Orthodox Church in Antioch
  "Tell how Zion rejected his burden and the Church confesses his death by which it was saved. Blessed is Christ who uprooted Zion who loved the calf and thirsted for blood, and chose the Church, daughter of the Arameans, through his life-giving death by which it was saved. Blessed are the children, blessed are the children who were worthy to see Christ when he entered Jerusalem riding on a borrowed, bare colt."
• Mor Jacob of Serugh Hymnal
  "And how did the son of a donkey carry him? Zion denied, and the Church confesses, in his death is life by which she was saved. Blessed is Christ who uprooted Zion, who loved the calf and thirsted for blood, and chose the Church, daughter of the Arameans, in his death is life by which she was saved. Blessed are the children, blessed are the children who were worthy to see Christ, when he entered Jerusalem riding on a borrowed, stripped colt."
• Poems of Tur Abdin
  "And in such danger I stood bitterly, when I was asking for death for myself earnestly, without hesitation, with thought and meditation, to go to the courtyard of the church, the daughter of the Arameans."
• About Simon the Apostle's net
  "Simon's net is the Church, daughter of the Arameans, and as in the night, in the world, she labored in vain."
• The Hexaemeron of Mor Jacob of Edessa
  "It appears that the south was so named also by us Arameans. But as for the north, it is not known to us why it was called (such) by the ancient sons of Aram."
• Commentary on Genesis, XI
  "Abraham was indeed from Kashkar in Babylonia and the Babylonians are Arameans."
• Commentary on Genesis, XXII
  "The Greek translation [the Septuagint] calls allways Aram and Arameans "Syriac". Consequently, Aram becomes the father of the Syriacs. And from this name (of Aram), those living in Mesopotamia were called "Arameans". There is another Aram descending from Shem, he dwelt in the land situated in the East side of the sun."
• Against the Armenians
  "The Armenians say: 'From whom do you descend—you who are Syriacs by race?' — Against them we will say: Neither you know from whom you descend. The name 'Armenian' is derived from "Armenian" which is the name of a country (and not of a person). It is we (Syriacs) who have enlightened your authors and revealed to them that you are descending from Togarma, who was from the children of Japhet. As to us Syriacs we descend racially from Shem, and our father is Kemuel son of Aram, and from this name of Aram we are also called sometimes in the Books by the name of 'Arameans.' We are called 'Syriacs' after the name of 'Syrus,' who built Antioch with its banlieue; and the country was called after him, 'Syria'."
• Against the Melkites
  "Neither the Greeks are our fathers nor the Romans, nor are the Jews the fathers of Christians: all these are loose expressions and old women's tales. If Yawan, the father of the Greeks, was born before Aram, our father, there might have been occasion for discussion, but when this is not the case, how did you then glory in the not very weighty words of those haughty and arrogant people."
• Doctrine of Addai
  "[...] in the reign of king Abgar, son of king Ma'nu, in the month of October, on the twelfth day, Abgar Ukkama sent Marihab and Shamshagram, chiefs and honoured persons of his kingdom, and Hannan the tabularius, the sharrir, with them, to the city which is called Eleutheropolis, but in Aramaic Beth-gubrin[...]"
• The History of Tur Abdin
  "Despite the constant calamities which befell Tur Abdin throughout the ages, Tur Abdin maintained its Aramaic-Syriac heritage."
• The History of Tur Abdin
  "The ancient inhabitants of Tur Abdin were the Arameans— a Syriac speaking people. Since they were citizens of Beth Nahrin (Mesopotamia) they are akin to the Arameans of Iraq, Syria proper and Palestine."
• About the name of the Church
  "If someone asks about eliminating the confusion resulting from the English use of the 'Syrian' name in the USA because it is translated in French 'Syrien' and in English 'Syrian' for both country and religion, so that no one could distinguish between the different kinds of the religious rites. And if we add the word 'Orthodox' to the 'Syrian' name, there will be association with Greek Orthodox, who in the recent years, named themselves 'Syrians' as coming from Syria. There is no way to change the accepted French or English use of this word. However, the present ambiguity would disappear if we add 'Aramaic' to the Syriac language, and 'Aramean' to the Syrian Church."
• Regarding the Syriac community
  "The Syriac community was known from its beginning as the Aramean community"
• About new born children names
  "The Holy Spirit is fulfilled upon the baptized immediately after baptism, and the baptized children shall be named with the names of saints and martyrs according to the ancient tradition of our Syriac Aramean church fathers. The Orthodox glorified ones, also with Syriac names like their fathers, are very fitting and praiseworthy, and not with names foreign to our priestly heritage."
• The Chronicle of Joshua the Stylite
  "The year 815 (A.D. 503-4). When the Roman emperor learned what had happened, he sent his magister Celer with a large army. When Kawad heard this, he directed his marches along the river Euphrates that he might go and stay in that province of his which is called Beth Armaye."
• Nisibene Hymns
  "Sheol is filled with Sodomites and Assyrians."
• Nisibene Hymns
  "Defiled Assyria, the mother of all filth/whores"
• Questions and Answers
  Mor Sevira Yacob Bartelli († 1241), was the bishop of the convent of Mar Mattay and Azerbaijan. He writes in his book 'Questions and Answers': "Some of them were called Arameans, some Izleans and some others Sofnians."
• Oromoyo w-Armoyo
  "From ܐܪܡ, 'Syria,' we say ܐܳܪܳܡܳܝܳܐ, 'Syrian,' with Zqopho at Olaph, Rish, and Mim. However, from ܐܪܡ, which refers to the city of the pagans, ancient Harran, it is ܐܰܪܡܳܝܳܐ, meaning “pagan,” with Ftoho at Olaph and an unvocalized Rish. The East Syrians are unfamiliar with the former and read in (2 Kings 18:26) ܡܠܠ ܥܡ ܥܒ̈ܕܝܟ ܐܰܪܡܳܐܝܬ, "Speak with your servants in Aramaic,” with Ftoho at Olaph and an unvocalized Rish. It is evident that the script here demands 'Syrian' and not 'pagan.' And in Paul (Galatians 2:14), they read ܐܢ ܐܢܬ ܕܝܘܕܝܐ ܐܢܬ ܐܰܪܡܐܝܬ ܚܝܐ ܐܢܬ, "If you, who are a Jew, live as a pagan," again with Ftoho at Olaph and an unvocalized Rish. It is clear that the script here demands 'pagan' and not 'Syrian.' But this is not the case with the West Syrians, who, by using Zqopho, make a distinction between the pagan and the Syrian."
• 13th letter to a deacon
  "In this way, in the beauty of wisdom, you have overthrown evil and its snare. The whole people of the Aramean-Syriacs see that he refreshes his thirst."
• 9th letter to a priest
  "To the priest who was elected as light to the Aramean people"
• Against Mani
  "and there ended the construction of the Aramaean Philosopher"
• Against Bardaisan's 'Domnus'
  "For because 'light' in the Aramaic language is called as masculine, and 'eye' feminine in the same" "he, Bardaisan, calls the moon feminine in the Aramaic language"
• Against Bardaisan's 'Domnus'
  "But the Philosopher of the Arameans (i.e. Bardaisan) made himself a laughing-stock among Arameans and Greeks"
• Hymn for Virgins
  "The Arameans praised him with their branches."
• Antiquities of the Jews
  "Aram had the Arameans, which the Greeks called Syriacs."
• Sefire steles
  The Sefire Steles document the treaties between Mati'el of Arpad and the king of KTK, mentioning "all Aram" and "Upper and Lower Aram," directly referencing the geographical and political expanse of Aramean influence. The inscription states: "The treaty of Bar-Ga'yah, king of KTK, with Mati'el, the son of 'Attarsamak, the king [of Arpad; and the treaty] of the sons of Bar-Ga'yah with the sons of Mati'el; and the treaty of the grandsons of Bar-Ga'[yah and] his [offspring] with the offspring of Mati'el, the son of 'Attarsamak, the king of Arpad; and the treaty of KTK with [the treaty of] Arpad; and the treaty of the lords of KTK with the treaty of the lords of Arpad; and the treaty of Ha[bur]u with all Aram and with Misr and with his sons who will come after [him], and [with the kings of] all Upper-Aram and Lower-Aram and with all who enter the royal palace."
• Assyrian Eponym Canon
  "...she and the Arameans who were beside the river, their warriors they slew, their cities they captured, and their spoil they carried off [15]... she and the Arameans in great numbers came and a battle they made, and the Arameans, his helpers, they slew...."
• Reliefs Q006482
  "(As for) the rest of the dangerous Arameans who dwell in their district (and) who had paid attention (lit.: “inclined their cheek”) to Marduk-apla-iddina (II) (Merodach-Baladan) and Šutur-Naḫūndi and taken (themselves) to the Uqnû River, a far-off place to live (lit.: “a distant dwelling”)," "... I received substantial ... from ...] the land Aram, the land Bīt-Amukkāni, [the land Bīt-Dakkūri, ...]." "While I was br[inging about] the defeat of the Chaldeans (and) Arameans of the Eastern Sea"
• Prism Q005926
  "With the support of the god Aššur, my lord, I took my chariots and warriors (and) set off for the desert. I marched against the Aḫlamû-Arameans, the enemies of the god Aššur, my lord."
• Kurkh Monoliths
  The Stele of Shalmaneser III describes his military campaigns in western Mesopotamia and Syria. It describes Shalmaneser’s victory at the battle of Karkar, situated in northern Syria, where he overthrew an alliance of 12 local kings. Shalmaneser had inscribed on the monolith: "Karkar, his royal city, I destroyed, I devastated, I burned with fire. 1,200 chariots, 1,000 cavalry, 20,000 soldiers, of Hadad-ezer, of Aram; 700 chariots, 700 cavalry, 10,000 soldiers of Irhulêni of Hamath; 2,000 chariots, 10,000 soldiers of Ahab, the Israelite."
• Stele of Zakkur
  "I am Zakkur, king of Hamath and Luash... Bar-Hadad, son of Hazael, king of Aram, united against me seventeen kings... all these kings laid siege to Hazrach... Baalshamayn said to me, 'Do not be afraid! ...I will save you from all [these kings who] have besieged you.'"
• Receipt for a Grain Loan
  In December 402 B.C.E., Ananiah, son of Haggai, borrowed two monthly rations of grain from Pakhnum, son of Besa, an Aramean with an Egyptian name. This receipt would have been kept by Pakhnum and returned to Ananiah upon repayment of the loan. No interest was charged on the loan, but a penalty was imposed for failing to repay it by the appointed date.
• About Rebecca, the daughter of Bethuel
  "Rebecca fled to Jacob into the country of Aram."
• Homilies against the Jews
  "There was Abraham, from the house of Nahor, in the country of Aram."
• Homily on Guria and Shamuna
  "Two precious pearls, which were an ornament for the bride of my lord Abgar, the Aramaean's son."
• On Addai the Apostle and Abgar the King of Edessa (pt. 2)
  "The shepherd Addai, who was also sent to Aram, separated all the white [sheep] from the articulate flock that he pastured."
• On Addai the Apostle and Abgar the King of Edessa (pt. 1)
  "[The Patriarch] Jacob and [the apostle] Addai were sent to Aram-Naharaim, so that they would fulfill both the New and Old (Testament words)." "Addai himself, too, came to the land of Beth Aramaye, so that these symbols drawn by Jacob would be fulfilled through him. And (so) in Urhoy he opened up a big fountain of living waters."
• The Nisibene Hymns
  "From Hebrews and Arameans, and also from the Watchers: to You be praise and through You to Your Father, be also glory!"
• Sachau Verzeichniss der Syrischen Handschriften
  "The nation of the Arameans: This national name later gave way to the Greek designation 'Syriacs,' mainly due to influences from Jewish-Christian literature."
• Die Namen der aramäischen Nation und Sprache
  The Greeks were largely unfamiliar with the name 'Aramaeans.' Apart from Posidonius, whom Strabo follows, only another Oriental writer, Josephus, mentions it (Antiquities 1, 6, 4). It is highly improbable that Homer was referring to them with the terms Ἔρεμβοι (Eremboi - 'Erembians') or εἰν ᾿Αρίμοις (ein Arimois - 'in Arimi'). Instead, the Greeks referred to these people as 'Syriacs.' Seelen (de Dis Syris, prol. cap. 1) explained that Σύριοι (Syriacs) or Σύροι (Syriacs) was a shortened form of ᾿Ασσύριοι (Assyrians). Initially, the Greeks used 'Syriacs' to describe the subjects of the Assyrian Empire without distinction of nationality. However, over time, they applied this name specifically to the northwestern Semitic regions, eventually associating it with the predominant nationality in these areas. Thus, Σύροι (Syriacs) became synonymous with ᾿Αραμαῖοι (Aramaeans). I have explored this argument in greater detail in an article recently published in Hermes, to which I must refer the reader. Over time, the Aramaeans themselves gradually adopted the Greek name 'Syriacs.' While the dominance of Greek rule and education played a significant role in this shift, an even more powerful factor contributed to it: the change of religion. Quatremère (Jour. As., Feb. 1835, p. 122 f.) suggested that newly converted Aramaic Christians, feeling ashamed of their pagan compatriots, believed that adopting a new religion also required adopting a new name. As a result, they embraced the term Σύροι (Syriacs), which appears in the New Testament.
• Die Namen der aramäischen Nation und Sprache
  “Regarding the name of this nation and its language is the original ‘Aramean’ in essence also the only one [sic], that for the employment of the present-day scholarship as yet strongly fits.”
• Kurzgefasste Syrische Grammatik
  “From the time the Greeks came to have a more intimate acquaintance with Asia, they designated by the name of ‘Syriacs’ the people who called themselves ‘Arameans’.”
• Hermes: Zeitschrift für klassische Philologie
  "Since the times of Alexander [the Great], if not already somewhat earlier, people have started to transfer the name of the Syriacs exclusively over the prevailing in Syria nationality, and in this way this originally political-geographical term became an ethnological one that was identified with the local Arameans."
• Hermes: Zeitschrift für klassische Philologie
  "It is well understandable that people have started to transfer the name of the country to the most important nationality and so the name 'Syriac' was apprehended ethnological and was equated with 'Aramaic'."
• Hermes: Zeitschrift für klassische Philologie
  "The main body of the population of all these wide landscapes from the Mediterranean Sea to beyond the Tigris belonged to a certain nationality, that of the Arameans."
• The History of Rome
  "the Arameans defended their nationality with the weapons of intellect as well as with their blood against all the allurements of Greek civilization and all the coercive measures of eastern and western despots, and that with an obstinacy which no Indo- Germanic people has ever equalled, and which to us who are Occidentals seems to be sometimes more, sometimes less, than human."
• The History of Rome
  "the history of the Aramaean or Syriac nation which occupied the east coast and extended into the interior of Asia as far as the Euphrates and Tigris"
• Berlinische Monatschrift
  "The names Syria, Assyria, Mesopotamia, Babylon, and others stem from the Greeks, who were unfamiliar with the true geography of these lands when the names were first used. Later, partly due to ongoing ignorance and partly for convenience, these names persisted even after more accurate knowledge became available. It would have required considerable effort to abandon the old, familiar names and divisions in favor of new, more accurate ones. The true and original name of these lands is Aram. It is mentioned numerous times in the Old Testament, and Greek scholars were also familiar with it. They likely referred to the people of these regions as Arameans, though this was rare, as they generally continued to use the term Syriac, which had been familiar to them."
• Berlinische Monatschrift
  "Do not the Syriacs, as they are usually called, or the Arameans, as they in fact are termed, deserve more attention in world history than they are usually given?"
• The Geography of Strabo
  "Poseidonius conjectures that the names of these nations also are akin; for, says he, the people whom we call Syriacs are by the Syriacs themselves called Arameans."
• About the Life of St. Abhai, Bishop of Nicaea
  John Rufus, priest at Antioch, wrote the following: "For at that time those who were instructed in wisdom were learning this Aramaic writing, namely Syriac, because it was the language of those who dwell in Mesopotamia from the beginning. After the Flood that was in the days of Noah the Arameans dwelled in Mesopotamia." "Many of the sons of Aram were instructed in the Greek writing."
• About the Life of St. Abhai, Bishop of Nicaea
  John Rufus, priest at Antioch, wrote the following: "They were instructed in both of the writings: in this Aramaic writing, which is named Syriac, and also in the Greek writing, which is called Roman."
• A Letter on Barsauma, the Heresies of the Nestorians, and Acac, Catholicos of the Church of the East (485-495/6 AD)
  About the Catholicos Babai, he writes: "In the days of Babai the Catholicos, this Mari emerged as the teacher of the heresies of the followers of Paul of Samosata and Diodorus [of Tarsus] in Beth Aramaye. And Babai the Catholicos, the son of Hormizd, who was the secretary of Zabercan, the Marzban of Beth Aramaye, received the doctrine from him. Anyone who does not confess that Mary is Theotokos, let him be anathema!"
• A Letter on Barsauma, the Heresies of the Nestorians, and Acac, Catholicos of the Church of the East (485-495/6 AD)
  And about those 'Nestorians' who were driven from Roman Urhoy and went to Persia, where they became bishops, he states: "Acac (in) Beth Aramaye and Bar-Sawmo the abominable in Nisibin."
• A Letter on Barsauma, the Heresies of the Nestorians, and Acac, Catholicos of the Church of the East (485-495/6 AD)
  He writes in a letter concerning Barsauma and the heresies of the Nestorians about Acac, Catholicos of the Church of the East from 485-495/6 AD: "Acac the Aramean, who was called 'the suffocator/oppressor of farthings' at the very school (of Urhoy/Edessa)."
• In the martyrdom of Simon Bar Sabbae and his companions
  In the Martyrdom of Simon Bar Sabbae and His Companions, we read: "But that deceiver also came to [the city of] Mahuze, which belongs to Beth Aramaye, and he deceived myriads of Jews."
• In the martyrdom of Simon Bar Sabbae and his companions
  In the Martyrdom of Simon Bar Sabbae and His Companions, we read: "But that deceiver also came to [the city of] Mahuze, which belongs to Beth Aramaye, and he deceived myriads of Jews."
• In the martyrdom of Simon Bar Sabbae and his companions
  In the Martyrdom of Simon Bar Sabbae and His Companions, we read: "And from Khuzestan [ancient Elam], he [King Shapur II] wrote an edict to the rulers of Beth Aramaye." "These things were written by King Shapur II [309–379 AD] from Khuzestan to the rulers of Beth Aramaye."
• Self-identifying Aramean
  In one of his writings, he writes: "It is in this way we, the Arameans, that is to say Syriacs [...]"
• Handed over to Assyrians
  We have written about something. And not even about this time of tribulation and bitterness that has come upon us because of our sins, and we were impoverished by the hands of Assyrians and barbarians. We could not find anyone who wrote anything. But to leave a memory of this evil time, and the bitter tribulation that the land endured in our days and in our time, from the hands of those Assyrians whom the prophet named when he said: The Assyrian is the rod of my anger, and the staff in their hands is my indignation, against a godless nation I send him, and against a people of my wrath I command him. This rod and this staff of the Lord, which he stretched out and gave to the Assyrians to rule the land with it. And it was also seen in the heavens, when it appeared and was visible for many days, and we had the will that perhaps those who come after us will hear of peace. They will tremble and fear the Lord, and walk before Him in righteousness. Lest He deliver them also, as He delivered us into the hands of this destroyer. It is written to command your children. And again, ask your father and he will show you, your elders and they will tell you. Though we have searched in many places, we have not found exactly what is written, but something of it. And we have also investigated from ancient accounts of those who lived and passed away. And also those whose lives we witnessed, we wish to gather their deeds and place them here in order. But whoever encounters these and wishes to examine them should know that events and happenings of various kinds do not occur in one place or one kingdom or one region. If one encounters writings that are incomparable to this, let them understand that even the early writers did not agree with each other. Rather, one diminishes while another magnifies, one writes about the church.
• Siege of Urhoy
  About the strike between the Turks and Francs and the siege of Urhoy during the period of the Crusaders, he writes: "These things happened in the year 1414 on the river Baliha, which arises in Paddan-Aram."
• Regarding Mesopotamian history.
  ”The kingdoms which have been established in antiquity by our race, (that of) the Arameans, namely the descendants of Aram, who were called Syriacs."
• Sons of Nahor
  About Aram, the son of Kemuel, and his descendants, he writes: "Among the sons of Nahor, the brother of Abraham, was born Aram, who is [the son of] Kemuel, from whom descend the Arameans of Beth Nahrin [Mesopotamia]."
• Children of Shem
  He lists in his world chronicle the children of Shem: "The children of Shem are the Assyrians, the Chaldeans, the Ludians, and the Arameans, who are the Syriacs, the Hebrews, and the Persians."
• A Metrical Homily on Holy Mor Ephrem
  "He who became a crown for the entire Arameandom, (and) by him we have been brought close to spiritual beauty" by Mor Jacob of Serugh"